opencc rpm deb spec

How to compile opencc

Posted by zhuizhuhaomeng Blog on April 23, 2023

序列文章

怎么编译 OpenResty 怎么编译 OpenCC

更新 cmake

如果机器上的 cmake 比较老，需要更新 cmake，那么最快的方式就是使用已经编译好的包。

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wget https://github.com/Kitware/CMake/releases/download/v3.26.3/cmake-3.26.3-linux-x86_64.sh
bash cmake-3.26.3-linux-x86_64.sh --prefix=/usr --skip-license

opencc 找不到 libopencc 库

使用下面的命令编译 opencc，安装后 opencc 无法正常使用，报错 libopencc.so 找不到。

编译命令如下，

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mkdir build
cd build
cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX:PATH=/usr ../
make -j8
sudo make install

报错信息如下

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$ opencc
opencc: error while loading shared libraries: libopencc.so.1.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

不知道为什么 opencc 不去搜索默认的 /usr/local/lib/ 目录，使用 strace 命令跟踪结果如下。 从这个输出可以看到 opencc 会查找 /lib64/libopencc.so.1.1 的文件。这里正确的解法是修改 CMakeLists.txt。 但是对于 CMake 不熟悉，不知道怎么修改，因此就修改编译选项来得容易多了。

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$ strace opencc
execve("/usr/bin/opencc", ["opencc"], 0x7ffec9bf4c40 /* 52 vars */) = 0
brk(NULL)                               = 0xd2c000
arch_prctl(0x3001 /* ARCH_??? */, 0x7ffe7c2b9f70) = -1 EINVAL (Invalid argument)
access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK)      = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=63295, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 63295, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f5002971000
close(3)                                = 0
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/lib64/glibc-hwcaps/x86-64-v3/libopencc.so.1.1", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat("/lib64/glibc-hwcaps/x86-64-v3", 0x7ffe7c2b9170) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/lib64/glibc-hwcaps/x86-64-v2/libopencc.so.1.1", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat("/lib64/glibc-hwcaps/x86-64-v2", 0x7ffe7c2b9170) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/lib64/tls/haswell/x86_64/libopencc.so.1.1", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat("/lib64/tls/haswell/x86_64", 0x7ffe7c2b9170) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/lib64/tls/haswell/libopencc.so.1.1", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat("/lib64/tls/haswell", 0x7ffe7c2b9170) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/lib64/tls/x86_64/libopencc.so.1.1", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat("/lib64/tls/x86_64", 0x7ffe7c2b9170) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/lib64/tls/libopencc.so.1.1", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat("/lib64/tls", {st_mode=S_IFDIR|0555, st_size=6, ...}) = 0
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/lib64/haswell/x86_64/libopencc.so.1.1", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat("/lib64/haswell/x86_64", 0x7ffe7c2b9170) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/lib64/haswell/libopencc.so.1.1", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat("/lib64/haswell", 0x7ffe7c2b9170)  = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/lib64/x86_64/libopencc.so.1.1", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat("/lib64/x86_64", 0x7ffe7c2b9170)   = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/lib64/libopencc.so.1.1", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat("/lib64", {st_mode=S_IFDIR|0555, st_size=98304, ...}) = 0
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/lib64/glibc-hwcaps/x86-64-v3/libopencc.so.1.1", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat("/usr/lib64/glibc-hwcaps/x86-64-v3", 0x7ffe7c2b9170) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/lib64/glibc-hwcaps/x86-64-v2/libopencc.so.1.1", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat("/usr/lib64/glibc-hwcaps/x86-64-v2", 0x7ffe7c2b9170) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/lib64/tls/haswell/x86_64/libopencc.so.1.1", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat("/usr/lib64/tls/haswell/x86_64", 0x7ffe7c2b9170) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/lib64/tls/haswell/libopencc.so.1.1", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat("/usr/lib64/tls/haswell", 0x7ffe7c2b9170) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/lib64/tls/x86_64/libopencc.so.1.1", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat("/usr/lib64/tls/x86_64", 0x7ffe7c2b9170) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/lib64/tls/libopencc.so.1.1", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat("/usr/lib64/tls", {st_mode=S_IFDIR|0555, st_size=6, ...}) = 0
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/lib64/haswell/x86_64/libopencc.so.1.1", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat("/usr/lib64/haswell/x86_64", 0x7ffe7c2b9170) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/lib64/haswell/libopencc.so.1.1", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat("/usr/lib64/haswell", 0x7ffe7c2b9170) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/lib64/x86_64/libopencc.so.1.1", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat("/usr/lib64/x86_64", 0x7ffe7c2b9170) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/lib64/libopencc.so.1.1", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat("/usr/lib64", {st_mode=S_IFDIR|0555, st_size=98304, ...}) = 0
writev(2, [{iov_base="opencc", iov_len=6}, {iov_base=": ", iov_len=2}, {iov_base="error while loading shared libra"..., iov_len=36}, {iov_base=": ", iov_len=2}, {iov_base="libopencc.so.1.1", iov_len=16}, {iov_base=": ", iov_len=2}, {iov_base="cannot open shared object file", iov_len=30}, {iov_base=": ", iov_len=2}, {iov_base="No such file or directory", iov_len=25}, {iov_base="\n", iov_len=1}], 10opencc: error while loading shared libraries: libopencc.so.1.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
) = 122
exit_group(127)                         = ?
+++ exited with 127 +++

编译成功的命令

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mkdir build
cd build
cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX:PATH=/usr -DLIB_SUFFIX=64 ../
make -j8
sudo make install

打包问题如果解决

很多软件可以配置的参数很多，而有些软件的配置脚本并没有适配各种发行版本的操作系统， 经常导致在特定的系统上打包失败。而打包这种非高频操作经常是查不到资料，而各种 CMake 脚本的调整选项， configure 的选项等要修复门槛比较高。

因此遇到打包问题，我们最好参考各个发行版本打包的脚本，基本上他们可以打包成功，那么把相关的参数，补丁拷贝过来就可以了。

比如：

RPM 打包参考 Fedora 官方的打包脚本，链接为 https://src.fedoraproject.org

RPM 打包也可以参考 CentOS 官方的打包脚本，链接为 https://git.centos.org/projects/rpms/%2A

Deb 打包参考 debian 官方的打包脚本，链接为 https://salsa.debian.org/public

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